Sigmund Frud: “The ego is first and foremost a body-ego. It is ultimately derived from bodily sensations.”

Richard Koenigsberg: "The body politic is heir to the human body. Perception of political units grows out of the experience of one's own body."

  1. The body is externalized into political units. Fantasies about the body are projected into nations. Body politics are doubles of the human body.
  2. Nations are experienced as if fused with the body, which is why we get so excited about them. We defend nations desperately because they are extensions of our bodies.
  3. Metaphorical language in political rhetoric contains and reveals bodily fantasies. Metaphors originate in the body and fantasies about the body. Metaphors convey bodily experience.
  4. Countries are symbols or mental representations, not real entities. As mental representations, they are not separate from, but tied to bodily processes.
  5. Analysis of metaphors in political texts allows one to perceive how phantasies about the body)are externalized into political and cultural symbols. 
  6. Analysis of metaphorical language reveals bodily symbolism. To study bodily metaphors is to understand the "transformational equation" (Howard F. Stein) whereby fantasies about the body are transformed into symbolic systems.