Rene Girard: “Culture always develops as a tomb. The tomb is nothing but the first human monument to be raised over the surrogate victim, the first and most elemental and fundamental matrix of meaning. There is no culture without a tomb and no tomb without culture; in the end the tomb is the first and only cultural symbol.” (Things Hidden since the Foundation of the World, 1987). Richard Koenigsberg: Tombs as civilization Tombs of soldiers fallen in World War I at Saint Roch cemetery. Was the First World War fought--in order to erect these tombs?