"The rigorous use of ‘madness’ (to describe a political policy) is deeply disturbing, which is perhaps one reason why it has been so conspicuously avoided in a century rife with madness. The functionalist bias of most systematic thought assumes that there is a reason for every societal act, a more or less rational intention behind political action.

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"It offends the intellect to suggest that there is no reason behind a major policy — or that indeed its reason is profoundly and systematically irrational. ‘Madness’ is even more unsettling in suggesting that we may be living amidst a profound and destructive irrationality."